Understand the science, and the paperwork.
Plain-language guides to reading certificates of analysis, how independent testing works, the regulatory landscape, and published preclinical research on the compounds we carry.
Four guides worth reading first
The basics of evaluating a research compound: what the documents say, who tests them, and the rules around them.
How to read a certificate of analysis
What HPLC purity, mass spectrometry identity and the lot number on a COA each tell you.
Read the guide 02 Testing labsIndependent testing labs compared
How common third-party peptide testing labs differ in methods, reporting and turnaround.
Read the guide 03 Our standardThe Ascenyx COA standard
What every Ascenyx lot must have on file before it is listed, and how prior lots are archived.
Read the guide 04 RegulatoryThe FDA Category 2 timeline
A plain-language timeline of the FDA bulks-list decisions affecting peptides, 2023 to 2026.
Read the guideThe full library
The FDA Category 2 Bulks List and Peptides: A Plain-Language Timeline (2023–2026)
This article summarizes publicly available FDA regulatory history for general informational purposes. It is not legal advice, does not describe or endorse any use of Ascenyx…
“Wolverine Stack” — Origins of the Name and What the BPC-157/TB-500 Combination Contains
A summary of published preclinical literature and analytical data for laboratory research purposes only. Search "wolverine stack peptide" and you will land on dozens of pages…
Independent Peptide Testing Labs Compared: Janoshik, MZ Biolabs, Colmaric, and Finnrick
This guide profiles independent analytical laboratories the research-peptide community uses to verify Certificates of Analysis. It does not address dosing, administration, or recommendations for use. Why…
How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis: HPLC, Mass Spec, and What “99% Purity” Actually Means
This guide explains how to read a Certificate of Analysis (COA) for any research peptide, from any supplier. It does not address dosing, administration, or recommendations…
BPC-157 vs TB-500: Structural and Biochemical Comparison
A summary of a structural and biochemical comparison based on published preclinical literature. It does not address dosing, combination use, or recommendations for use. Two Peptides,…
Selank Peptide Research Overview: Tuftsin Analog Receptor & Neuroimmune Studies
Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) is a synthetic heptapeptide developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences — the same research institution responsible for…
DSIP Peptide Research Overview: Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide Studies
Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is a nonapeptide (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu, molecular weight ~849 Da) first isolated in 1977 from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits subjected to hypnogenic…
5-Amino-1MQ Peptide Research Overview: NNMT Inhibitor Mechanism & Studies
5-Amino-1MQ (5-amino-1-methylquinolinium) is a small-molecule, cell-permeable, selective inhibitor of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), an enzyme that transfers a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to nicotinamide, forming 1-methylnicotinamide (1-MNA).…
MOTS-c Peptide Research Overview: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Mechanism & Studies
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open reading frame of the Twelve S rRNA type-c) is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP), encoded not by nuclear DNA but by a short…
SS-31 (Elamipretide) Peptide Research Overview: Mechanism & Preclinical Findings
SS-31, also known by its developmental names Elamipretide, MTP-131, and Bendavia, is a synthetic aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide belonging to the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide family. It is classified…
GHK-Cu Research Overview: Copper Tripeptide Complex Study Data
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring tripeptide-copper(II) complex composed of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) bound to a copper ion. It was first isolated from human plasma and identified as…
Sermorelin Research Overview: GHRH(1-29) Study Data & Mechanism
Sermorelin is the synthetic acetate salt of GHRH(1-29)-NH2, corresponding to the first 29 amino acids of the 44-amino-acid endogenous human growth hormone-releasing hormone — the shortest…
Tesamorelin Research Overview: GHRH Analog Studies & Regulatory History
Tesamorelin is a synthetic 44-amino-acid peptide analog of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-44), modified at the N-terminus with a trans-3-hexenoic acid group to confer resistance…
Ipamorelin Research Overview: Selective GH Secretagogue Study Data
Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide (Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) classified as a growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) and ghrelin-receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist. It belongs to the growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) family…
CJC-1295 w/DAC Research Overview: GHRH Analog Studies & Mechanism
CJC-1295 is a synthetic 29-amino-acid analog of human growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH 1-29), modified with a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) — a maleimide-reactive group that forms…
KPV Peptide Research Overview: Melanocortin-Derived Tripeptide Mechanism & Study Data
KPV is a tripeptide composed of the amino acid sequence Lysine-Proline-Valine. It corresponds to the C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), specifically the α-MSH(11–13) region, and…
KLOW Peptide Blend Research Overview: BPC-157, TB-500, KPV & GHK-Cu Explained
KLOW is a combination research compound blending four distinct peptides that are individually studied in the published tissue-repair and dermatological literature: BPC-157, TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4), KPV,…
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) Research Overview: Actin-Binding Protein Mechanism & Study Data
TB-500 is a synthetic fragment/analog of Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4), a naturally occurring 43-amino-acid regulatory protein found in nearly all human and animal cell types. Tβ4 belongs…
BPC-157 Research Overview: Preclinical Studies on Tissue Repair Mechanisms
BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide — a chain of 15 amino acids — derived from a partial sequence of human gastric juice protein…
More guides on the way
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